1, mkpuchi ihe na eletrik eletrik ga-ebibikwa n'ihi ike mkpuchi ya ma hapụ ịrụ ọrụ mkpuchi n'ihi ya, mgbe ahụ, a ga-enwe mmetụta nkwụsịtụ.

Standards GB4943 na GB8898 na-akọwapụta mkpochapụ eletriki, anya creepage na anya mkpuchi mkpuchi dị ka nsonaazụ nyocha dị adị, mana ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi na-emetụta mgbasa ozi ndị a, dịka ọmụmaatụ, okpomọkụ, iru mmiri, nrụgide ikuku, ọkwa mmetọ, wdg, ga-ebelata ike mkpuchi ma ọ bụ ọdịda, n'etiti nke ikuku ikuku nwere mmetụta doro anya na nkwụsị eletrik.

Gas na-emepụta ihe ndị a na-akwụ ụgwọ n'ụzọ abụọ: otu bụ nkukota ionization, nke atom ndị dị na gas na-ejikọta na ikuku gas iji nweta ume ma si n'ogo dị ala ruo elu ike.Mgbe ike a karịrị otu uru, atom na-ionized n'ime free electrons na nti ion.Nke ọzọ bụ elu ionization, nke electrons ma ọ bụ ion na-eme ihe na a siri ike elu iji nyefee ike zuru ezu na electrons n'elu siri ike, nke mere na ndị a electrons. nweta ume zuru oke, nke mere na ha gafere ihe mgbochi ike nke elu ma hapụ elu.

N'okpuru ọrụ nke ụfọdụ ike eletrik, ihe elektrọn na-esi na cathode na-efega na anode ma ga-enweta ionization nkukota n'ụzọ.Mgbe nkukota nke mbụ na gas electron na-akpata ionization, ị nwere ihe ọzọ na-efu eletrọn.The abụọ electrons na-ionized site collisions ka ha na-efega kwupụta anode, Ya mere, anyị nwere anọ free electrons mgbe nke abụọ nkukota.Eletrọn anọ ndị a na-emeghachi otu nkuko ahụ, nke na-emepụta ọtụtụ eletrọn, na-ekepụta oke mmiri.

Dị ka echiche nrụgide ikuku si dị, mgbe okpomọkụ na-adịgide adịgide, ikuku ikuku na-adaba na nkezi strok efu nke electrons na olu gas.Mgbe ịdị elu na-abawanye na ikuku ikuku na-ebelata, nkezi free strok nke ebubo ebubo na-abawanye, nke ga-eme ka ionization nke gas dịkwuo elu, ya mere nkwụsịtụ nke gas na-ebelata.

Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti voltaji na nrụgide bụ:

N'ime ya: P - nrụgide ikuku n'ebe ọrụ

P₀- ọkọlọtọ ikuku mgbali

U_p- Mpụga mkpuchi mkpuchi mpụta voltaji n'ebe ọrụ

U₀- Mwepu voltaji nke mkpuchi mpụta na ikuku ọkọlọtọ

n-Ngosipụta njirimara nke mpụta mkpuchi mpụta voltaji na-ebelata na nrụgide na-ebelata

N'ihe banyere nha njirimara index n uru nke mpụta mkpuchi mpụta mpụta voltaji na-ebelata, ọ dịghị data doro anya ugbu a, na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke data na ule dị mkpa maka nkwenye, n'ihi na ọdịiche dị na ule ụzọ, gụnyere uniformity. nke ọkụ eletrik ， The adịgide adịgide nke gburugburu ebe obibi ọnọdụ, akara nke nnyefe anya na machining ziri ezi nke ule tooling ga-emetụta izi ezi nke ule na data.

Na nrụgide barometric dị ala, voltaji mmebi ahụ na-ebelata.Nke a bụ n'ihi na njupụta nke ikuku na-ebelata ka nrụgide na-ebelata, ya mere voltaji mmebi ahụ na-adaba ruo mgbe mmetụta nke ibelata njupụta electron dị ka gas na-arụ ọrụ dị nro. gbarie.A na-akọwakarị mmekọrịta dị n'etiti voltaji ndakpọ nrụgide na gas site n'iwu Bashen.

Site n'enyemaka nke iwu Baschen na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ule, a na-enweta ụkpụrụ mgbazi nke nkwụsịtụ voltaji na oghere eletrik n'okpuru ọnọdụ nrụgide ikuku dị iche iche mgbe nchịkọta data na nhazi.

Lee okpokoro 1 na tebụl 2

Isiokwu 1 Ndozi voltaji ndakpọ na nrụgide barometric dị iche iche

Tebụl 2 Ụkpụrụ mmezi nke nkwụsị eletrik n'okpuru ọnọdụ nrụgide ikuku dị iche iche

2, Mmetụta nke obere nrụgide na ịrị elu okpomọkụ ngwaahịa.

Ngwaahịa eletrọnịkị na-arụ ọrụ nkịtị ga-emepụta ụfọdụ okpomọkụ, ọkụ na-emepụta na ọdịiche dị n'etiti okpomọkụ ambient a na-akpọ mmụba okpomọkụ.Oke okpomoku ịrị elu nwere ike ibute ọkụ, ọkụ na ihe egwu ndị ọzọ, Ya mere, ọnụ ahịa oke kwekọrọ na GB4943, GB8898 na ụkpụrụ nchekwa ndị ọzọ, na-achọ igbochi ihe egwu nwere ike ibute oke oke okpomọkụ.

Mmụba okpomọkụ nke ngwaahịa kpo oku na-emetụta elu elu.Mmụba okpomọkụ na-adịgasị iche n'ụzọ ziri ezi na elu elu, na mkpọda nke mgbanwe na-adabere na nhazi nke ngwaahịa, ikpo ọkụ ọkụ, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Enwere ike kewaa ikpo ọkụ nke ngwaahịa ndị na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime ụdị atọ: ọkụ ọkụ, ikpo ọkụ convection na radieshon thermal.The okpomọkụ dissipation nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke kpo oku ngwaahịa tumadi dabeere convection okpomọkụ mgbanwe, ya bụ, okpomọkụ nke kpo oku ngwaahịa na-adabere na okpomọkụ ubi eme site ngwaahịa n'onwe ya njem okpomọkụ gradient nke ikuku gburugburu ngwaahịa.N'ebe dị elu nke 5000m, ọnụọgụ ọkụ na-enyefe ọkụ bụ 21% dị ala karịa uru dị na oke osimiri, na okpomọkụ na-ebufe site na ikpo ọkụ convective na-adịkwa 21% ala.Ọ ga-eru 40% na 10,000 mita.Mbelata nke nnyefe okpomọkụ site na ikpo ọkụ convective ga-eduga na mmụba nke okpomọkụ ngwaahịa.

Mgbe ịdị elu na-abawanye, nrụgide ikuku na-ebelata, na-ebute mmụba na ọnụọgụ nke viscosity ikuku na mbelata nke nnyefe okpomọkụ.Nke a bụ n'ihi na nnyefe ikuku convective okpomọkụ bụ ịnyefe ike site na nkukota molecular ;Ka ịdị elu na-abawanye, ikuku ikuku na-ebelata na njupụta ikuku na-ebelata, na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ikuku ikuku na-ebelata ma na-ebute mbelata nke nnyefe okpomọkụ.

Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, e nwere ihe ọzọ na-emetụta ikpo ọkụ ọkụ convective nke na-amanye na-amanye, ya bụ, mbelata nke ikuku ikuku ga-esonyere ya na mbelata nke ikuku ikuku. Mbelata nke ikuku ikuku na-emetụta kpọmkwem ikpo ọkụ ọkụ nke na-amanye ikuku convection okpomọkụ dissipation. .Mgbasa ọkụ convection nke mmanye na-adabere na ikuku ikuku iji wepụ okpomọkụ.N'ozuzu, ndị jụrụ oyi fan ji moto na-eme ka olu eruba nke ikuku na-eru site moto na-agbanweghi agbanwe, Dị ka elu na-abawanye, uka eruba ọnụego nke ikuku iyi mbelata, ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na olu nke ikuku iyi na-anọgide otu, n'ihi na njupụta nke ikuku na-ebelata.Ebe ọ bụ na a kapịrị ọnụ okpomọkụ nke ikuku nwere ike na-atụle a mgbe nile n'elu nso nke okpomọkụ aka na nkịtị bara uru nsogbu, Ọ bụrụ na ikuku eruba enwekwu otu okpomọkụ, okpomọkụ etinye obi gị dum site uka eruba bụ obere ga-ebelata, kpo oku ngwaahịa na-adversely emetụta. site na mkpokọta, na ịrị elu okpomọkụ nke ngwaahịa ga-ebili na mbelata nke ikuku ikuku.

Mmetụta nke nrụgide ikuku na ịrị elu okpomọkụ nke ihe nlele ahụ, karịsịa na ihe ọkụ ọkụ, na-eguzobe site n'iji atụnyere ihe ngosi na ihe nkwụnye n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị iche iche na nrụgide, dị ka echiche nke mmetụta nke ikuku ikuku na okpomọkụ nke akọwara n'elu ， N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke nrụgide dị ala, okpomọkụ nke ihe ọkụkụ na-ekpo ọkụ adịghị mfe ịgbasa n'ihi mbelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na mpaghara nchịkwa, na-eme ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị n'ógbè ahụ dịkwuo elu. Ọnọdụ a enweghị mmetụta dị nta na ndị na-abụghị onwe- ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, n'ihi na a na-ebufe ọkụ nke ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, n'ihi ya, okpomọkụ na-ebili na obere nrụgide dị ala karịa na ụlọ okpomọkụ.

3.Mmechi

Site na nyocha na nnwale, a na-enweta nkwubi okwu ndị a.Nke mbu, site na iwu Baschen, a na-achikota ụkpụrụ mgbazi nke voltaji ndakpọ na oghere eletrik n'okpuru ọnọdụ nrụgide ikuku dị iche iche site na nnwale.Ha abụọ dabere n'otu n'otu ma dị n'otu; Nke abuo, dị ka nha nke ịrị elu okpomọkụ nke ihe nkwụnye ọkụ na ngosipụta n'okpuru ọnọdụ nrụgide ikuku dị iche iche, ịrị elu okpomọkụ na nrụgide ikuku nwere njikọ kwụ ọtọ, na site na ngụkọ ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ, nha nha nha. Enwere ike nweta ịrị elu okpomọkụ na ikuku ikuku n'akụkụ dị iche iche.Were ihe nkwụnye ahụ dị ka ihe atụ, ọnụọgụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ịrị elu okpomọkụ na nrụgide ikuku bụ -0.97 dị ka usoro nchịkọta akụkọ si dị, nke bụ nnukwu njikọ na-adịghị mma.Ọnụego mgbanwe nke ịrị elu okpomọkụ bụ na ịrị elu okpomọkụ na-abawanye site na 5-8% maka mmụba 1000m ọ bụla na elu.Ya mere, data ule a bụ naanị maka ntụnye aka ma bụrụ nke nyocha qualitative.Achọrọ nha n'ezie iji lelee njirimara ngwaahịa n'oge nchọpụta akọwapụtara.